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The Arctic invites you into the most peaceful wonderland one moment and a harsh, unpredictable environment the next. Therefore, being prepared for varying conditions is essential when you visit this remote region.
This guide will help you dress for the Arctic, covering everything from the 3-layer system to specific recommendations for different Arctic destinations.
The 3-layer system explained:
BASE LAYER - Next to skin and moisture wicking
MID LAYER - Insulation
OUTER LAYER - Shell

BASE LAYER - Next to Skin
The base layer is the first piece of clothing you should put on and serves a vital role: wicking moisture away from your skin and regulating body temperature. It’s arguably the most important layer because it helps regulate your body temperature by keeping sweat off your skin. In cold weather, trapped moisture can make you cold, and in warmer weather, moisture can make you uncomfortable, so the base layer’s moisture-wicking function is crucial.
There are two basic options for base layers: wool and synthetics. Merino wool is, in our opinion, an unbeatable all round option. Merino wool is highly efficient at regulating body temperature, keeping you warm in the cold and cool when it’s warmer. It’s also naturally odor-resistant and offers breathability for maximum comfort. Unlike regular wool, Merino wool is incredibly soft, non-itchy, and gentle on the skin, making it ideal for long wear.
Why Merino Wool?
Merino wool excels in cold, wet conditions because it retains warmth even when damp. This is crucial when spending time outdoors in Arctic environments. Merino wool offers several key benefits:
• Odor Resistance: Perfect for multi-day wear.
• Breathability: Keeps you comfortable by allowing airflow.
• Temperature Regulation: Keeps you warm when cold and cool when hot, even when wet.
• Sustainability: Merino wool is a renewable, natural fiber.
• Durability: The wool retains its shape and softness over time.
Downsides:
Merino wool get heavy when and takes longer time to dry than synthetic materials.
Merino wool base layers come in different weights to suit different conditions:
1. Lightweight (120-200 GSM): Ideal for high-intensity activities or milder weather.
2. Midweight (200-260 GSM): Offers more insulation for colder conditions.
Merino wool is available from high-end specialized brands like Icebreaker and Smartwool, but many outdoor and even luxury fashion brands also incorporate it into their collections. The quality and comfort are so high that even daily business wear is now made with Merino wool, elevating its status in luxury clothing today.
Synthetic materials for Base Layers
In addition to Merino wool, synthetic materials like polyester and nylon are also excellent for base layers. These fabrics are lightweight, breathable, and dry very quickly, which makes them ideal for active pursuits. They offer superior moisture-wicking properties, which help keep you dry even during intense physical exertion.
Polartec® Power Dry™ and Power Grid™ are two industry-leading synthetic fabrics. They’re designed for high-performance use, with moisture-wicking and breathable qualities. These fabrics help keep you comfortable while wicking moisture away from your skin.



MID LAYER - Insulation
The mid layer provides insulation and warmth. It’s a crucial part of the layering system, especially in colder Arctic environments, as it traps heat close to your body while still allowing moisture to escape. Common mid-layer options include:
Fleece
Lightweight, breathable, and moisture-wicking, fleece provides insulation without overheating during high-intensity activities. Quick drying.
Note: Fleece and wool are not windproof; however, some styles feature a built-in “windbreaker” film for added protection.
Down or Synthetic Insulation
Down offers excellent warmth-to-weight ratio, while synthetic materials such as PrimaLoft® offer similar insulation properties but better moisture resistance in wet conditions. Avoid using down in wet conditions! Down fibers lose their insulating properties, become heavy, and take a long time to dry when wet.
Wool
Wool mid-layers are great for the Arctic, providing natural warmth, breathability, and continued insulation when damp. The Icelandic “lopapeysa” has kept locals warm for centuries. Note that wool becomes heavy when wet and takes a long time to dry.
Consider down jackets or synthetic puffer jackets for activities like snowmobiling or RIB boat tours, where warmth is essential.



OUTER LAYER - Shell
The outer layer is designed to protectr you from wind, rain, and snow = a shell. A durable, waterproof, and windproof shell is essential for extreme Arctic conditions. The outer layer should be both breathable and water-resistant to prevent moisture buildup inside while keeping external elements out.
We recomend jackets with high-quality waterproof and breathable membranes such as GORE-TEX or the sustainable Sympatex. These fabrics allow moisture from your body to escape while ensuring you stay dry in rain or snow.
When venturing into the most extreme Arctic conditions, also consider a down jacket, such as the Canada Goose Expedition Parka or a full-blood down jacket. These heavy-duty, high-insulation parkas are designed for individuals working in the North Pole or those on Arctic expeditions. While lighter puffers provide mobility and comfort for milder conditions, the heavy-duty “tanks” like the Canada Goose Expedition Parka offer serious protection in subzero temperatures.
Softshell jackets are also available, offering a balance between fleece and waterproof jackets. They provide some insulation and protection from the elements, being resistant to light showers but not fully waterproof. However, they are more breathable, making them ideal for high-intensity activities like running, climbing, and cycling. That said, with the advancements in high-end, fully waterproof membranes, softshells are becoming less common, they are to heavy and bulky.



FOOTWEAR: Hiking Boots & Shoes
Choosing the right footwear for the Arctic depends on your activity level and the terrain you’ll be traversing. The key is to select shoes or boots that offer warmth, support, and traction in slippery conditions. Consider these top options favored by majority of the guides in Iceland:
• Scarpa Ladakh GTX: A time-tested mountaineering boot known for its durability and insulation, perfect for rugged, cold environments.
• Scarpa Mojito: A versatile, stylish, and lightweight shoe ideal for mixed terrain, making it perfect for city exploration or easy hikes.
• Vibram Soles: Found in many high-quality hiking boots, Vibram soles provide superior grip and durability, ensuring traction in icy and slippery conditions.
Hiking Boots: What’s the Difference?
City Hiking Shoes
Lightweight and flexible, designed for easy hikes or city walking.
Mid-Mountain Boots
More supportive and insulated, offering durability for moderate trekking or mixed terrain.
Mountaineering Boots
Sturdy, insulated, and advanced waterproofing, these boots are ideal for alpine trekking and extreme Arctic conditions.



Good To Know For The Special Tours
For activities like snowmobile tours, RIB boat trips, or ATV rides, we mostly provide one-piece suits on location for additional warmth and protection from the elements. However, it’s important to always bring your base and mid-layers to ensure comfort throughout the day. While these suits offer helpful protection during activities, your layers will ensure you stay warm and dry during breaks or other parts of the journey.



Climate Considerations by Destination
When preparing for your Arctic adventure, it’s important to account for the varying climates in different regions. The Arctic offers a wide range of temperatures, and knowing what to expect in the specific destination will help you choose the right gear.
Iceland
• Summer South: 10–25°C (50–77°F)
• Summer North: 8–25°C (46–77°F)
• Winter South: 0–5°C (32–41°F)
• Winter North: -5 to 0°C (23–32°F)
• Highland Summer: 5–20°C (41–68°F)
• Highland Winter: -10 to -5°C (14–23°F)
Norway & Svalbard
• Summer South: 15–25°C (59–77°F)
• Summer North and Svalbard: 5–20°C (41–68°F)
• Winter South: -5 to 0°C (23–32°F)
• Winter North and Svalbard: -20 to -10°C (-4 to 14°F)
Greenland
• Summer: 5–10°C (41–50°F)
• Winter: -20 to -10°C (-4 to 14°F)


Examples
The Arctic offers a diverse range of climates and activities, so choosing the right clothing depends on the destination and the activities you’re planning. Here are a few outfit recommendations:
1. Iceland and Norway (City & Day Tours):
• Lightweight Merino wool base layer
• Mid-layer fleece or light insulation
• Waterproof shell jacket and down or puffer jacket
• Comfortable boots (e.g., Scarpa Mojito)
2. Svalbard Wilderness:
• Heavy-duty base layer (Merino wool)
• Down or synthetic insulating mid-layer
• Full waterproof shell jacket, pants and down parka jacket
• Mountaineering boots (e.g., Scarpa Ladakh GTX)
• Extra warm layers for winter conditions
3. Norway (Winter Adventures in Lofoten):
• Merino wool thermal base layer
• Thick fleece or insulated mid-layer
• Waterproof outer shell and a windproof, insulated parka
• Insulated snow boots (e.g., Sorel Caribou or equivalent)
• Gloves, a thermal hat, and a scarf or neck gaiter for added protection against wind
4. Icelandic Summer:
• Lightweight Merino wool base layer
• Mid-layer fleece
• Breathable waterproof jacket for occasional showers and or synthetic puffer jacket
• Lighter boots for day hikes in warmer conditions
5. Heavy Activity:
• Quick-drying synthetic base layer to wick moisture efficiently during intense activity
• Lightweight fleece or softshell mid-layer for breathability, warmth and protection(softshell)
• Waterproof, windproof hard shell to protect against extreme weather
• Quick-drying gloves, a thermal hat, and balaclava for versatile face protection
A synthetic-filled puffer jacket is a must-have for all seasons—warm, incredibly lightweight, and easily packable into a compact size for convenient storage.
Final Thoughts
No matter where you’re headed in the Arctic, always pack your three layers: base, mid, and outer, plus extra socks, gloves, and a hat to ensure comfort and protection. Conditions can change rapidly in the Arctic, so be prepared to adapt by adjusting your layers. With the right clothing system, you’ll be ready for anything the Arctic throws at you. Just remember:
The Three-Layer System
1. Base Layer
The base layer wicks moisture, regulates body temperature, and ensures comfort.
2. Mid Layer
Insulation
3. Outer Layer
Protect against wind, rain, and snow with a durable waterproof and windproof shell.
Stay safe

